If you follow current events at all it is impossible to ignore the fact that we are now in the thick of the Republican primary race—and that the Presidential election will not be far behind. With the political machine in full swing there have been quite a few news stories about the candidates’ financial backgrounds, and more than a little talk of “blind trusts.”

Many of our readers will already know that a blind trust is a vehicle which holds the wealth of a candidate (or a politician serving in office) in an effort to avoid any conflicts of interest. We thought this might be a good opportunity, however, to discuss trusts in general: Which trusts are out there, what are the differences between them, and what purposes do they serve?

Revocable Trust: A revocable trust is one of the most commonly used trusts because it is able to be revoked or changed so long as the grantor (the person who created the trust) is still living. There are many other trusts that fall under the category of “revocable trust”, including a pet trust (which addresses the physical and financial care of your pets), an education trust (which provides for your child’s educational expenses), and many more.

Irrevocable Trust: An irrevocable trust, logically, is one which cannot be revoked or changed after it has been signed. The irrevocability is what makes these trusts useful for tax planning and asset protection. Some types of trusts which fall under the category of “irrevocable trust” include life insurance trusts (which save the beneficiary on the policy from paying exorbitant estate taxes), spendthrift trusts (which reduce the beneficiaries’ estate taxes and protect trust assets from creditors’ claims), and more. It is important to note that any revocable trust becomes irrevocable upon the death of the grantor.

Charitable Trust: A charitable trust is one in which at least one of the beneficiaries is a charity or non-profit. These trusts allow the grantor to claim a portion of their contribution as a charitable deduction under income tax laws. A charitable trust can be either revocable or irrevocable to begin with, but if distributions will be made during the grantor’s lifetime the trust must be irrevocable.

Special Needs Trust: Sometimes also called a “Supplemental Needs Trust”, is a trust created for the benefit of a person receiving government benefits—this usually includes someone with a physical or mental handicap—and its purpose is to allow outside sources to provide the beneficiary with supplemental funds without endangering their right to receive government benefits. A special needs trust can be either revocable or irrevocable, but usually includes a clause instructing that the trust be dissolved if its existence disqualifies the beneficiary for government benefits.

We have only discussed some of the most commonly used trusts here, but there are many, many different kinds of trust which can be valuable for estate planning or asset protection. If you have any questions about trusts or estate planning, please contact our office.

Parents of young children always seem to be busy, and we know that it can be difficult to find the time to think about something that you hope will never happen. With all the “To Do’s” and distractions out there, too many parents simply avoid thinking about a will, trust, or guardianship for their children; hoping that it will never be needed. But your children deserve more than good luck and crossed fingers, and we recommend making 2012 the year that you take the (sometimes difficult) steps necessary to ensure that your minor children are protected no matter what the future may bring.

1. Create a nomination of guardians for your children. The single-most important step you can take to ensure the well-being of your children is to execute a nomination of guardians. This is the document that names who you believe are the best and most loving people to parent your children if something should happen to you. This document is your children’s best protection against unqualified guardians or the foster care system.

2. Talk to your attorney about protecting your children’s inheritance (and in some cases protecting your children from receiving an inheritance too soon) with a trust. With a trust you can ensure that your children will be provided for financially until they reach adulthood, as well as leave a legacy for your children which includes your financial, philanthropic, and educational values.

3. Invest in your child’s higher education. Education is more important than ever in our current economic situation, and parents can resolve in 2012 to secure their child’s education by setting up a 529 education savings plan. This is something that parents can contribute to regularly, as well as grandparents, aunts and uncles, and more. A 529 plan that you set up today will be there even if you can’t be. After all, protecting your child’s future doesn’t stop when they reach 18.

If you have other questions or concerns about how to protect your minor children please contact our office today. We can help ensure your children will be provided for—and that you will have the peace of mind you deserve.

All of our readers know just how important—how essential—a will is to protecting your family after you pass away. Leaving clear and tangible instructions can prevent family infighting as well as hurt or unsettled feelings; and leaving a legally airtight will can prevent wasted time and money in unnecessarily long probate proceedings. But for all of this, there are a few assets that your will may not be able to address.

This article in CNN Money describes three assets that could cause you to “unwittingly disinherit intended beneficiaries, including your children, from significant portions of your estate,” namely your 401(k) plan, your IRA account, and your life insurance.

You can name anybody you’d like as a beneficiary in your will, but when it comes to 401(k) plans it’s your spouse who is entitled to the money when you die. “If you want to leave a 401(k) to someone else, your spouse must first file a written statement waiving rights to it.” Even a prenuptial agreement won’t help if you want to keep your 401(k) assets out of the communal pot, you’ll have to convince your spouse to sign a waiver after you’ve tied the knot. “A person can’t give up spousal rights to inherit a 401(k) until actually married. ‘A prenup by itself is not a valid waiver according to the rules governing 401(k) plans.’”

Who will inherit your IRA or your life insurance is a little easier to control than who will inherit your 401(k). In the case of IRA or life insurance accounts the person named as the beneficiary on the account will always take precedence over a beneficiary named in your will. The most common inheritance issues we see with these accounts is when people forget to update their beneficiary forms after a significant life change such as a divorce or the birth of a child. In these cases it’s important to review and update your beneficiaries every 2-5 years to ensure there’s no confusion between your will and the designated beneficiary on the account.

Having a will is important, but a will is simply one piece of a whole plan—a plan that likely includes many pieces. Being aware of all the pieces of your estate plan, and keeping those pieces working together and in harmony, is essential to ensuring that your family and your legacy is protected. Our office can help.

In our line of business we like to think that what we offer our clients is more than a way to minimize estate taxes or avoid a lengthy probate, we like to think that what we really offer our clients is an opportunity for peace and comfort during a time of stress and emotional upheaval.

Sharon Epperson, in her article on MSNBC entitled “How Dad’s Planning Helped Us Cope With His Death” gets to the heart of what we think everybody is trying to accomplish when they contact an estate planner. “By making some important decisions while living, my father helped to lessen the overwhelming stress of coping with sudden loss.”

Epperson goes on to explain that while simple things like a clear-cut will, pre-made funeral arrangements and an up-to-date life insurance policy can make all the difference in the world to grieving relatives, “only 45 percent [of respondents in a State Farm survey] say they’ve actually made plans.”

The truth is that the hardest part of creating an estate plan is simply getting started. Asking that first question, making the first decision, creating the first document… once you’ve taken the first step the rest comes easily—especially if you have a knowledgeable and compassionate advisor to help you along the way.

When clients come to our office asking about a last will and testament, or a trust for their children, we know that the question underlying the entire experience is “How can I ensure my family will be taken care of?” Our goal is to address ALL of your concerns, and help you provide your loved ones with a port of comfort and security in the storm.

Every new project has to begin somewhere, and most newcomers to estate planning choose to begin with a will and a trust. This is because wills and trusts form the foundation for how your property will be distributed, how your heirs will be cared for, and how the probate process and estate taxes will be handled.

A will is the most well-known of all estate planning documents, it is generally the simplest and easiest to create (although some wills can be very lengthy and complex), and in most states a will can contain within it instructions for peripheral topics such as guardianship of minor children or the final disposition of your remains.

But everybody knows that the main purpose of a will is usually to dispose of your assets and effects. In its most basic form, a will should include these important parts:

* The testator’s (creator’s) name and crucial information

* Nomination of an executor to carry out the wishes of the testator

* The naming of the beneficiaries

* Instructions as to how the estate should be distributed to the beneficiaries

* Signature of the testator and the date signed

* Signature of witnesses and the date signed

As mentioned above, this is a will in its most basic form, but in fact most wills will also contain instructions for probate, instructions regarding the payment of debts and taxes, the names of any organizations to receive charitable distributions, a mention of relatives who may purposefully NOT have been named, and more.

Because a will can be so basic, many people believe that a will can easily be created on one’s own, without the help of an estate planning professional; in fact, there are plenty of companies who offer “Do It Yourself” will creation software for a fee. However, it is important to understand that while a will itself can be very simple; the federal and state tax and probate laws are rarely so. If you feel your estate is small and your wishes are modest then by all means keep your will short and sweet as well. However, we strongly urge ALL of our readers (even those with small and simple estates) to have an estate planning professional at least review your will and advise you as to its validity before you sign it and tuck it away.

In addition to a will many families will choose to also create a trust. We’ve said it before on our blog and we’ll say it again: It doesn’t matter whether you’re a billionaire business executive or a teacher with a modest salary, it doesn’t matter whether you’re the patriarch of a large family or a stay-at-home mom of a newborn, a revocable living trust may be exactly what your family needs to protect their assets and their best interests. This is because a trust is probably the most comprehensive and versatile tool in your estate plan, and is a key part of helping you accomplish your goals.

There are two basic kinds of trusts—revocable and irrevocable. Revocable means that it is able to be revoked or changed so long as the grantor (the person who created the trust) is still living. Logically enough, an irrevocable trust cannot be changed once it has been signed. The reason this question of revocability is so important is because a trust is not merely a set of instructions for how your wealth should be distributed, a trust actually owns the property placed within it, with the person or people serving as trustee (usually for a revocable trust this is the grantors themselves, while they are living) controlling the trust property within. It is for this very reason that trusts can be such a powerful and flexible tool for tax planning and estate planning.

The specifics of your trust will vary greatly depending on what you hope to accomplish. Parents of young children may wish to include a general trust for the benefit of all the children, with distributions made to the guardians as necessary. This general trust can be split into separate individual trusts when all of the children have reached a certain age or graduated from college. Parents (and often grandparents) may want to include education trusts under the umbrella of their revocable living trust. Many families feel it is important to include instructions for charitable giving in their estate plan, and may choose to set up a charitable trust with their children or grandchildren as trustees. Pet owners often create pet trusts to ensure that their animals will be well cared after the owner has died.

A trust, much more than a simple will, allows the grantor far greater control over their assets—and for a longer period of time—which is why trusts are particularly useful for anybody entering into a second or third marriage, or for any parent who worries about the choices a beneficiary might make once they come into their inheritance. Unlike a simple will, trusts are designed to withstand the test of time, allowing you to leave a legacy that can last for decades.

Many people would like to think that estate planning is a piece of cake: choose your beneficiaries, write up a simple will, and voila – you’re done! The truth is that while estate planning can sometimes be achieved with this amount of simplicity, most of the time there’s more to it than that—a lot more—especially if you have any variables or special circumstances to consider. Variables and special circumstances can encompass just about anything, including:

* Young children

* Adult children with differing financial needs

* Adult children who don’t get along

* A child, parent or sibling with special needs

* A second (or third) marriage

And according to this article in the Chicago Tribune special circumstances also include:

* A non-citizen spouse

* A much younger spouse

* Health concerns

One of the best tools you have in your estate planning toolbox to deal with any or all of these “special circumstances” is to distribute your assets through a trust rather than just a simple will. A trust is comprehensive, plus it gives you the flexibility to you need to provide for every circumstance—even if these circumstances change after your death.

For example, parents with three children ages 21, 17 and 15 would likely not want to split their estate evenly, especially considering that they’ve likely already paid for the 21-year old’s college education, but have yet to pay for college for the 17 and 15 year olds. These parents can place their assets into a common trust which can be used to pay for the needs of all the children at the discretion of the trustee, and then split into separate and equal trusts when the youngest child reaches the age of 21, or when all have graduated from college.

Very few families fit the simple “boiler-plate” description, and even fewer families will benefit from a boiler-plate estate plan. Our office can help you craft exactly the estate plan you need to fit your family’s unique and special circumstances—right now, and years in the future.

News sources such as the Washington Post entertainment section promise that this summer will be flush with celebrity newborns and proud mamas and papas. Some of the stars expecting additions to their families include Natalie Portman, Kate Hudson, Jennifer Connelly and more. Here at our office we wonder how many of these new parents will remember to update their wills or estate plans after the birth of their child… and how many of our readers have remembered (or will remember, if they are currently expecting a new child or grandchild) to update their own estate plans after an addition to their families.

Every parent knows that the time after the birth of a new baby can be a tired, busy and chaotic transition, and updating their estate plan is probably the last thing on any new parent’s mind. But after the first few months, when things have calmed down and you’ve settled into a routine, updating your estate plan to include and provide for your new little one should take top priority.

Here are a few things new parents will want to consider as they prepare to update their estate plan:

• Guardians for your child. Who are the people who will raise your child if the unthinkable should happen to you and your spouse? Many people choose close family members, others choose trusted friends.
• Keep your child’s inheritance in trust. Settling your entire estate on a 5, 10 or 16 year old is never a good idea. Consider instead creating a trust for your child which will provide for him until he reaches maturity.
• Trustees of your child’s inheritance. Who do you trust to invest and distribute the estate for your child while she is still a minor? Some parents choose to have the guardians also serve as trustees; others prefer to nominate separate trustees and guardians who will work together, providing a natural system of checks and balances.
• Providing for your child’s special needs. If your child has special needs he will need special planning to ensure that his needs continue to be provided for. Ask us (or your own local estate planning attorney) about a special needs trust.

Guardians, trustees, trusts and special needs planning are the very basics of estate planning for families with minor children, and should serve as a jumping off point for further discussion with your estate planner.

Choosing a guardian for your minor child could be one of the most personal decisions you ever make—it’s also one of the most important, which is why many couples turn to an attorney they trust to not only help them draft their nomination document, but also help advise them in this crucial decision. With such a personal matter the decision-making criteria will stem primarily from the heart, but there are some legal factors and implications that may affect the decision, and this is where an attorney can be helpful.

Forbes online recently published an article outlining the specific ways in which an attorney can be indispensable when choosing a guardian for a minor child; these include:

Explaining relevant statutory framework regarding guardianship to parents. As the article mentions, guardianship laws vary significantly from state to state. The manner in which you choose to name your guardians will likely be different depending on which state in which you live. For example, will you name just one guardian for both person and property, or will you need to name specific guardians for each of those two areas?

Discussing factors clients should consider when naming a guardian. There are so many criteria to consider when choosing a guardian that many parents get caught up in how to prioritize essential qualities of potential guardians. An attorney certainly can’t tell you which of your friends and family may be most fit to care for your child, but an attorney can help you asses the financial ability, emotional willingness, and compatibility of values of your candidates.

Emphasizing economic implications of the client’s decision. Most parents, when considering guardians for their children, think primarily of emotional attachment, family dynamic, and parenting style; but an attorney will remind you that finances should also be a significant part of your decision-making process. Guardians are not necessarily legally obligated to use their own funds to support their wards, which means that parents will want to discuss with an attorney the best way to provide financial support for their children.

Drafting provisions setting forth client wishes regarding the upbringing of their children. Parenting is an incredibly personal process; hundreds of small choices are made each day which shape the minds and values of our children. Some parents may want to express their wishes for how their child should be raised, even after their death. Guardians cannot be required to follow parenting guidelines when they accept guardianship; an attorney, however, can suggest a few ways that parents can encourage guardians to respect their wishes regarding upbringing.

A nomination of guardians may very well be the most important estate planning document you draft, our firm can help ensure that every bit of information has been considered and addressed before you make your final decision.

We’ve written before about the importance of reviewing and updating your estate plan, but it’s a topic worth mentioning again—especially in light of the many recent changes to estate tax law. The plain truth is that no matter how perfect your estate plan is when you create it, change is inevitable, and when your life (or the tax law) changes, it’s important that your estate plan change with it.

Reviewing your estate plan every 2-5 years is essential to keeping it up to date and working the way you intended it to work. Luckily, reviewing your estate plan can be quick and easy if you know what you’re looking for. Here are 5 key components you’ll want to review:

1. Fiduciaries-How have the people in your life moved or changed?
2. Assets-Are your finances different than they were a few years ago?
3. Distribution and Beneficiaries-Are there any new members of your family?
4. Health Care-What changes have you experienced in your health recently?
5. Legal Updates-Have the laws changed?

If we’re lucky, our lives are constantly changing—our families evolve, our finances improve or decline, we meet and form strong relationships with knowledgeable friends and professionals. It only makes sense that your estate plan should change too. What seemed best for your family 4 years ago might not be the ideal situation now. By reviewing and updating these 5 components on a regular basis, and touching base with your attorney, you will insure that your estate plan will continue to protect yourself and your family the way you intended it to when you first created it.

We’d like to share with our readers a recent article in Forbes entitled How To Write Your First Estate Plan. This article supports something we’ve been saying in our blog all along: That everyone needs a will—whether you’re a young couple just starting out, an established family with valuable assets to protect, or an entrepreneurial business owner with succession on your mind. The article reminds us that a will “is the cornerstone of an [estate] plan,” and at whatever stage of life you may be is not too early to make your first will.

“There’s a lot more to an estate plan than just a will, even for folks who don’t need a more complicated estate-tax oriented version. You might have pieces of it already–a living will signed when you had elective surgery or a beneficiary form filled out for a 401(k) when you got your first job. You need to make sure the pieces fit together.”

Many couples or individuals are first motivated to create a will when they have young children, and the primary purpose of their will is to ensure that their minor children will be cared for and provided for should anything happen to the parents. This is certainly one of the best reasons to create your will or estate plan, but it is not the only reason, not by a long shot. If you drafted your will when your children were young and haven’t looked at it since—or if you never created a will because you don’t have kids and therefore didn’t think you needed one—it’s time to revisit the subject.

An estate plan not only ensures that minor children will be provided for, but also that:

• Older children have the means to continue their education if something happens to you
• Your spouse or children are the recipients of your life insurance or retirement proceeds, and not the tax man or (even worse) an ex-spouse or ex-boyfriend or girlfriend.
• You have someone trustworthy distributing your assets as you wish after you pass away.
• Your business will transfer smoothly if you aren’t able to run it anymore.
• And much more.

“Whatever motivates you, fine. The point is–whether you’re in estate tax territory or not, if you don’t have an estate plan, you need one. (And if you have a really old one, you probably need a whole new one.)” Any opportunity is the perfect opportunity to start planning to protect your loved ones. Call our office (or your own trusted attorney) to learn what steps you can take toward protecting your loved ones right now.